看过很多留学文件或英文Essay代写,随意使用大小写,或是没有全篇用一致的方法使用大小写,看起来全篇杂乱,西方读者看到这样的文章,对你的英文程度的印象马上大打折扣。
以下提到的「用大写」意思是第一个字母用大写,不是整个字每个字母都用大写。如果是一整串英文,通常介系词及冠词(a/an/the)不用大写。
1.人名
John Smith told me that he had to leave early.
The great poet,Ralph Waldo Emerson,published his collection of poetry.
My supervisor,Professor William Chen,instructed me on how to do economic analysis.
2.称谓
如果是名字的一部份的称谓,称谓的部份用大写,如Mr.Chen或Professor Chen。如果不是名字的一部份,是单纯写职位,不用大写,如Professor Chen is a professor at National Taiwan University.
需注意有一些「称谓」只出现于中文之中,不能直翻为英文成为名字的一部份,像是我们讲「陈老师」,不要写Teacher Chen,要称为Mr.Chen,「李主管」,要称之为Mr.Lee,不要写Manager Lee,而「朱研究员」,不要写Researcher Zhu,如果对方有博士学位,要称之为Dr.Zhu,如果没有博士学位,称之为Mr.Zhu。
其它称谓可参考这篇文章。
I worked with Dr.Zhu on this research project for two years.
My colleague,Mr.Lee,was in charge of the auditing process,while I was in charge of marketing.
3.引言
用引号引用,引用的如果是一个完整的句子,第一个字需要大写。引的如果不是完整的句子,不需要大写。
My mother told me,"Remember to pick up some vegetables on the way home."
My mother told me to pick up some vegetables on the way home.
My mother told me to remember to"pick up some vegetables on the way home."
The paper claimed that"childhood trauma played a significant role."
The paper claimed,"Childhood trauma played a significant role."
4.专有名词
机构、国家、学校、组织、课程、地名等等名称用大写。
The famous architect build many bridges.He built the San Francisco Bridge.
I graduated from university in 2010.I graduated from National Taiwan University.
I collaborated with the National Science Council and reported to the Ministry of Education.
5.学科、研究领域
可用大写,也可用小写,但全篇需一致。
I studied Computer Science in university.
I studied computer science in university.
I took courses in Engineering in university.
I took courses in engineering in university.
I took engineering courses in university.
6.课程
课程名称,也就是成绩单上出现的课程名称,用大写。如果是想表达「我修了某某领域的课程」可用大写也可用小写。
以下第一句,Economics等是成绩单上的课程名称。第二三句是描述修了什么类型的课程。
I took the courses,Economics,Microeconomics,and Accounting in university.
I took courses in economics,microeconomics and accounting in university.
I took courses in Economics,Microeconomics and Accounting in university.
6.冒号接例子
接两个以上句子,用大写。接一个句子用小写。接数个phrases(非句子的词)用小写。
We analysed the following:birth rate,death rate,and age.
We analysed the following:birth rate affects population growth.
We analysed the following:Birth rate affects population growth.Death rate affects the economy.
7.书名
可每个字都大写也可只有第一个字大写其它小写,冒号之后的第一个字可大写也可小写,依照引文格式规定并需全篇一致。我通常是用大写(除了介系词、冠词)并用斜体字。
How Declining Birth Rates Affect the Economy
How declining birth rates affect the economy
How declining birth rates affect the economy:A case study of France in the 1960s
How declining birth rates affect the economy:a case study of France in the 1960s
How Declining Birth Rates Affect the Economy:A Case Study of France in the 1960s
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