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一,时间状语从句句型
【句型49】主句+when(while,as,before,after)+从句
【佳句存盘】
1.When my uncle came yesterday,I was busy with my work.
昨天我叔叔来的时候,我正忙于工作。
2.I took care of my little brother while Mother was away.
妈妈不在家时,我照顾小弟弟。
3.The girls sang merrily as they were walking along the river.
姑娘们沿江走去,边走边唱。
4.He had finished his homework before I got home.
我回到家之前,他已经做完了家庭作业。
5.I』ll go and see him before he starts for Beijing.
他动身去北京之前,我会去看望他的。
6.My brother learned English after he had entered the college.
我哥哥上大学之后才学习英语。
【代写点津】
when,while和as都可以引导时间状语从句,但是在所表示的意思上有所区别。
when:主要用来指一点时间,也可以用来指一段时间。因此when-从句中的谓语动词可以是瞬间性动词,也可以是延续性动词。
while:只可以指一段时间,而不可指一点时间。因此,在while-从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,谓语一般限于进行时或状态动词的一般时。
as:相当于when,while(在……时,当……期间)。它既可以指一点时间,也可以指一段时间。如果我们谈论同时发生的事情或同时存在的情况,as,when或while都可以通用。
注意,when和while还可以作并列连词,连接并列的分句,此时,when作「这时」或「那时」(and then)解,while作「而;却」解。作并列连词用时,when前面的分句通常用进行时或状态动词的一般时。
在使用before(在……之前)和after(在……之后)两个从属连词时,要注意主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词之间的时间关系。
Exercise 49
Put the following sentences into English.
他一边听老师讲课一边记笔记。
太阳一出来我们就起床。
我在代写的时候,请保持安静。
她读书的时候睡着了。
她正在说话,这时,突然进来一个警察。
昨晚他在下雨之前就到家了。
王艳在上中学之前就学过英语。
参考答案
1 He took notes as/while/when he was listening to the teacher.
2 We get up when the sun rises.
3 Please keep silent while/when I』m writing.
4 While(she was)reading,she fell asleep.
5 She was speaking when a policeman came in.
6 He got home before it began to rain yesterday evening.
7 Wang Yan had learned some English before she went to middle school.
【句型50】主句+until/till-从句
【佳句存盘】
1.He stayed up until/till it was four next morning.
他熬夜一直熬到第二天凌晨四点。
2.Liu Chunlei did not go home until/till he finished his work.
刘春雷一直把工作做完之后才回家。
3.He read and read until/till it was dark.他读着读着,一直读到天黑。
【代写点津】
上述三个例句代表了till/until的三个不同的用法:
如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词(如keep,remain,stay,wait等),则用动词的肯定式,见例句1。此时可译作「一直到……(为止)」。
如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时性动词(如arrive,come,finish,go,reach,start等),则用动词的否定式,见例句2。此时的till/until相当于before。
主句中的谓语动词重叠使用,强调动作的反覆性,见例句3。此时,谓语一般都用延续性动词。
till和until在意思上完全相同,一般可以通用。但如果从句在句首时,则通常用until,而不用till。
Exercise 50
Put the following sentences into English.
昨天朱莉莉一直等你到天黑。
他一直到四十岁还是个单身汉。
雨停了他们才出发。
他们练唱一直练到午饭时刻。
这个小孩看完电视剧后才开始复习功课。
参考答案
Yesterday Zhu Lili waited for you till/until it was dark.
He remained single until/till he was forty.
They didn』t start till/until the rain stopped.
They practised singing till/until it was lunchtime.
The child didn』t begin to review his lessons till/until he finished watching the TV play.
【句型51】主句+since-从句
【佳句存盘】
1.He has taught here since he came to this city.
自从他来到这个城市,他就一直在这儿教书。
2.She has never been ill since she left the hospital.
她出院以来一直没有病过。
【代写点津】
用从属连词since连接的时间状语从句表示「自从……以来」。从句中的谓语动词通常用过去时,主句中的谓语动词通常用现在完成时,以表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态,但从句中的谓语动词也可视情况用现在完成时。例如:
I』ve known Li Yang since I』ve lived in this street.
自从我住到这条街上以来我就认识李扬。
主句中也有用一般现在时的,特别在「It is+some time+since...」的结构中更是如此,例如:
It is five years since we met last time.
自从上次见面以来已经五年过去了。
Exercise 51
Put the following sentences into English.
自从学英语以来,我们已经学了三千个单词。
自从到武汉以来,他们参观了好几所大学。
我们从上学起就是好朋友了。
上次收到你的信后又是三个月了。
这个学期以来我读完了三本英文书。
参考答案
We』ve learned 3000 words since we began to learn English.
They have visited several colleges since they came to Wuhan.
We have been good friends since we were at school.
It is three months since I received your last letter.
I have read three English books since this term(began).
【句型52】主句+as soon as/the moment+……
【佳句存盘】
1.They all stood up as soon as the teacher came in.
老师一进来,他们都起立。
2.I will write again as soon as I am free.
我一有空就会再写的。
3.I recognized him the moment(that)I saw him.
我一眼就认出了他。
4.The moment(that)the teacher came in,the children stopped talking.
老师一进来,学生们立即停止谈话。
【代写点津】
as soon as表示「一……(立刻)就……」的意思,从句的动作几乎跟主句的动作同时发生,相当于the moment that引导的从句,因此,例句1可改成:They all stood up the moment(that)the teacher came in.
和其他表示时间的连接词(如after,before,still,when等)一样,如果主句用将来时,则as soon as从句用一般现在时表示「将来」(见例句2)。
Exercise 52
Put the following sentences into English.
1请你一到机场就给我打电话。(as soon as)
2我一见到他就把这个消息告诉他。(as soon as)
3一到村庄,他们就开始帮农民干活。(as soon as)
4演出一结束,他就离开了剧场。(the moment)
5我一收到信就动身回家了。(the moment)
参考答案
1 Please call me as soon as you arrive at the airport.
2 I』ll tell him the news as soon as I see him.
3 As soon as they got to the village,they began to help the farmers with their work.
He left the theatre the moment the performance was over.
I started home the moment I received the letter.
二,地点状语从句句型
【句型53】主句+where/wherever-从句
【佳句存盘】
1.Take him where it』s quiet.
把他带到安静的地方去。
2.I shall meet him where I first met you.
我将在我第一次见到你的地方去见他。
3.Wherever you go,you may find friends.
不论你走到哪儿,你都可能找到朋友。
4.He goes wherever he wants.
他想到哪儿就到哪儿。
【代写点津】
本句型中的where作连词,意思接近于in(at,to)the place where,可译作「在(到)……的地方」。where-从句修饰主语的谓语动词,是表示地点的状语从句。
但是,不一定所有由where引导的从句都是状语从句,where可以是连接副词,连接一个名词从句(作主语、宾语、表语);也可以是关系副词,引导一个定语从句。
wherever引导地点状语从句时本身有两个意思:一是作「不论……在(到)哪里」(no matter where)解,见例句3;二是作「在(到)任何地方」(at or to any place where)解,见例句4。
Exercise 53
Put the following sentences into English.
在哪里跌倒就在哪里站起来。
不论她丈夫到哪里,她总是跟着他。
他打电话给我,叫我留在原地。
你想在哪儿过夜就在哪儿过夜吧。
武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。
参考答案
Get up where you fall.
Wherever her husband goes,she always follows him.
He phoned to ask me to stay where I was.
You can pass the night wherever you want.
Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.
三,原因状语从句句型
【句型54】主句+because-从句
Since/As-从句+主句
【佳句存盘】
1.He was late because he didn』t catch the first bus.
因为没有赶上头班车,所以他迟到了。
2.Because he was too serious,nobody wanted to talk to him.
因为他太严肃了,所以没有人想同他谈话。
3.As all the seats were full,he stood.
由于座位都坐了人,所以他就站着。
4.Since you are going,I will go too.
既然你要去,那么我也要去。
【代写点津】
表示原因的状语从句通常用从属连词because,since,as来引导,because既可以用于正式文体,也可以用于非正式文体。because从句通常位于主句之后(见例句1),也可以因为强调而置于主句之前(见例句2)。在回答why的问句时,应该用because来回答,而不用as或since等。
since和as都作「由于」、「既然」解,可以通用,但since比as较为正式,语气较强,因此在一般会话中常用as。由since和as引导的原因状语从句通常置于句首,也可置于句末。
中国学生常把汉语中的「因为……所以……」的句式错译成「Because...so(therefore)...」,这是常见的错误,应该避免。
Exercise 54
Put the following sentences into English.
(因为)今天天气很冷,你最好穿件外衣。(as)
我们因为水涨而不能渡江。(because)
——为什么上星期天你不来看我?——因为妈妈病了。(because)
既然一切都准备好了,现在我们可以开始做实验了。(since)
因为他学习不努力,所以上学期英语考试不及格。(because)
昨晚由于下大雪,大家都呆在家里。(as)
参考答案
As it is very cold today,you』d better put on a coat.
We cannot(could not)cross the river because the water has risen(had risen).
——Why didn』t you come to see me last Sunday?——Because mother was ill.
Since everything is ready,we can begin our experiment.
He didn』t pass the English examination last term because he hadn』t studied hard.
As it snowed heavily last night,everyone stayed at home.
四,目的状语从句句型
【句型55】主句+so that/in order that-句型
【佳句存盘】
1.He learns English so that he may get more knowledge.
他学习英语,为的是获得更多的知识。
2.We set off early in the morning so that we might get there in the afternoon.
我们大清早出发,以便下午能赶到那儿。
3.Let』s get everything ready so that we can leave without delay.
让我们做好一切准备,以便能立即动身。
4.We should study hard in order that we might serve the people better in the future.我们应当努力学习,以便将来更好地为人民服务。
5.In order that everybody may understand it,write the notice in simple language.为了使人人都能明白,请用简明的文字来写这张布告。
【代写点津】
so that和in order that引导表示目的的状语从句,作「以便」、「为的是」解。从句中通常要用may(might)或can(could)。如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,那么从句中就要用may或can;如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时,那么so that从句中就要用might或could。
so that和in order that引导的状语从句通常可以用so as to或in order to等不定式短语来代替,其意义不变。
so as to和in order to在意思上相同,但在用法上有别。前者通常位于句末,而后者既可以位于句首,也可以位于句末。
Exercise 55
Put the following sentences into English.
他大声喊叫,以便别人能听到他说话。
她很早就到大厅去了,为的是找一个好座位。
格林先生来中国,为的是参观长城和其他名胜。
为了人民生活得更好,我们必须努力工作。
马克思学俄语,为的是了解俄国的政治形势。
参考答案
He shouted at the top of his voice so that(in order that)he might be heard.
She went to the hall early so that(in order that)she might get a good seat.
Mr Green came to China in order that(so that)he might visit the Great Wall and other places of interest.
In order that people may live better,we must work hard.
Marx learned Russian in order that(so that)he might know the political situation in Russia.
五,结果状语从句句型
【句型56】主句+so+a./ad.+that-从句
主句+so that-从句
主句+such+n.+that-从句
【佳句存盘】
1.Your performance was so good that I was very impressed.
你的表演很精彩,给我很深的印象。
2.She did so well in the office that she was praised by the manager.
她在办公室里干得很出色,受到了经理的表扬。
3.We were so deeply moved that we could not fall asleep that night.
我们深受感动,以致于当天晚上睡不着觉。
4.He often told lies,so that no one believed him.
他常常说谎,因此没有人相信他的话。
5.He stayed up late last night,so that he couldn』t get up early as usual.
他昨晚熬夜了,所以不能照常早起床。
6.It was such a warm day that they went swimming.
天气这样温暖,所以他们都去游泳了。
7.I was having such a nice time that I didn』t want to leave.
我玩得好极了,不愿意离开了。
8.He had made such great progress that everybody admired him.
他进步这样大,所以大家都羡慕他。
【代写点津】
so...that意为「如此……以致」,引导表示结果的状语从句。so是副词,用以修饰其后的形容词或副词,说明其程度的大小。so that在句中的意思是「因此」、「以致」、「所以」,同so...that的意思相近,但后者有表示程度的意思,而前者却没有。
such...that意为「如此……以致」,用来引导表示结果的状语从句,与so...that的结构相似,意思相同,但such后跟名词。
Exercise 56
Put the following sentences into English.
于雷唱得很美,受到了听众的高度赞扬。(so...that)
我们进行了认真的研究,所以我们能制订出一项切实可行的计划。(so that)
我们没有足够的设备,结果没能按时完成这项工作。(so that)
珍妮是这样一个可爱的孩子,所以每个人都喜欢她。(such...that;so...that各一句)
我的铅笔掉到桌子下面去了,所以我没有看见它。(so that)
雷锋是这样一位高尚的人,所以每个人都想向他学习。(such...that;so...that各一句)
参考答案
Yu Lei sang so beautifully that he was highly praised by the audience.
We had a serious study,so that we were able to work out a practical plan.
We didn』t have enough equipment,so that we didn』t finish the work on time.
Jenny is such a lovely child that everybody loves her./Jenny is so lovely a child that everybody loves her.
My pencil fell under my desk,so that I couldn』t see it.
Lei Feng was such a noble man that everyone wants to learn from him./Lei Feng was so noble a man that everyone wants to learn from him.
六,比较状语从句句型
【句型57】主句+as+adj./adv.+as+比较状语从句
主句+not/so(as)+adj./adv.+as+比较状语从句
【佳句存盘】
1.Lou Ji is as tall as his elder brother.娄集同他的哥哥一样高。
2.Alice sings as beautifully as her mother.爱丽丝唱得跟她妈妈一样美。
3.I am not so(as)good at drawing as you are.我不像你那样擅长绘画。
4.I do not work as(so)hard as he does.我工作不像他那样努力。
【代写点津】
使用「as+adj./adv.+as」这个结构时,其中的形容词或副词要用原级。第一个as是副词,修饰其后的形容词或副词;第二个as是连词,连接一个表示比较的状语从句。这个状语从句的谓语部分如果与主句中的谓语相同,则经常被省略;如果状语从句中的谓语与主句中的谓语不同,则不能省略。
not as(so)+adj./adv.+as意为「不如……那样;不像……那样」,其中的形容词或副词也用原级。在not后用副词so或as均可,但句末的as是连词(连接一个表示比较的状语从句),不可用so替换。
Exercise 57
Put the following sentences into English.
黄河不像长江那样长。
这间房子几乎跟我的寝室一样大。
贺颖唱歌不如她姐姐唱得好。
这项工作必须尽快完成。
武汉的冬天不像北京的冬天那样冷。
参考答案
The Yellow River is not so(as)long as the Yangtze River.
This room is almost as large as my bedroom.
He Ying does not sing as(so)well as her sister.
The work must be finished as soon as possible.
Winter in Wuhan is not so(as)cold as that in Beijing.
【句型58】主句+adj./adv.比较级+than+……
主句+(the)+adj./adv.最高级+……
【佳句存盘】
1.She is older than I(am).她比我年纪大些。
2.Su Guixin is more diligent than his younger brother.
苏桂欣比他弟弟勤奋些。
3.They arrived earlier than we did.他们比我们早到一些。
4.A truck goes much faster than a bike.卡车比自行车跑得快多了。
5.The first question is the easiest of the four.
第一个问题是四个问题中最容易的。
6.Li Tiantian is the most diligent pupil in the class.
李甜甜是班上最勤奋的学生。
7.John speaks Chinese(the)most fluently of all the foreign students.
在所有外籍学生中约翰说汉语最流利。
【代写点津】
本句型表示A>B(或A<B),要用「形容词(或副词)的比较级+than」的结构,其中的than一般作连词,连接一个表示比较的状语从句,从句中的谓语如果与主句的谓语相同,则经常被省略,但有时也可以用作介词,后面接名词和人称代词的宾格。在非正式英语中,特别在口语中,than的后面常用人称代词的宾格形式(如me,him,her,us,them等)。在比较正式的书面语中,常用人称代词的主格(如I,he,she,we,they等)。
当表示「大得多」、「快得多」、「老得多」等意思时,要用much或far来修饰这些形容词或副词的比较级,而不用very。
注意,当A、B两项进行比较时,要把相比较的两项并列出来。但有些汉语句子中对比的两项并不十分明显,这时需要特别注意使用代词that,those,one等,以使对比的两项能够并列。例如下列汉语句子的英译文第(1)句是错的,第(2)句才是对的:
他们班男同学比我们班男同学学习努力些。
(1)The boys in their class work harder than our class.(误)
(2)The boys in their class work harder than those in our class.(正)
你那本书的封面比我的漂亮多了。
(1)The cover of your book is more beautiful than mine.(误)
(2)The cover of your book is more beautiful than that of mine.(正)
在使用「(the)+adj./adv.最高级+……」时,在形容词或副词的最高级前面通常要加定冠词the,而在句末通常有一个表示范围的状语,以说明在哪个范围内进行比较。
注意,形容词最高级有时作「非常(very)……」解,这时可加不定冠词,或不加冠词。例如:It』s a most touching story.
Exercise 58
Put the following sentences into English.
澳大利亚是世界上最大的岛屿。
我们的教室是学校里最清洁的。
北京秋天的天气比武汉凉爽得多。
每个人都知道火车跑得比汽车快。
这是我所读过的最好的一本小说。
参考答案
Australia is the largest island in the world.
Our classroom is the cleanest(one)in our school.
In autumn the weather of Beijing is much cooler than that of Wuhan.
Everybody knows that a train runs faster than bus.
It』s the best novel that I have ever read.
七,方式状语从句句型
【句型59】主句+as/as if/as though-从句
【佳句存盘】
1.You ought to do as she told you.你应按照她的指示去做。
2.He doesn』t speak as other people do.他说话和别人不一样。
3.She loves the child as if he were her own son.
她那样喜欢这个小孩,好像他就是她的亲生儿子一样。
4.I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
我记得全部事情,就像是发生在昨天一样。
5.She looks as if she had something important to tell me.
她看上去好像有什么重要事情要告诉我似的。
【代写点津】
as作「按照」、「好像」解,引导一个表示方式的状语从句,修饰主句中的谓语动词。如果把本句型代写「A as B」(A—主句,B—从句),则其意义相当于「A像B那样地……」。所以例句1也可以直译成「你应该像她告诉你那样地去做」。
在as引导的从句中的谓语动词如果与主句中的谓语动词相同,则从句中的谓语动词用助动词do(does,did)代替,以避免重复。
as if和as though都作「好像……」、「好似……」解,但as if用得比较普遍。as if/as though引起的从句总是在主句之后,这种从句多数是状语从句(见例句3和例句4),也可以是表语从句(见例句5)。
由as if/as though引导的从句中,谓语动词一般用虚拟语气。如果谓语动词是be,通常用were这个形式,不管是什么人称。
Exercise 59
Put the following sentences into English.
我们应该按照王先生的教导去做。
天色看起来似乎要下雪了。
谦虚点。不要讲起话来像个大人物似的。
我听到外边一片吵闹声,好像有人在同我们的邻居吵架。
他们是大学生了,你不应该像对孩子似地对待他们。
参考答案
We should do as Mr Wang teaches us(to do).
It looks as if it would(was going to)snow.
Be modest.Don』t speak as if you were a great man(very important person).
I heard a noise outside,as though somebody was quarrelling with our neighbors.
Now that they are college students,you should not treat them as if they were children.
八,让步状语从句句型
【句型60】Though/Although-从句+主句
【佳句存盘】
1.Though he was ill,he kept on working.
他虽然病了,但仍坚持工作。
2.Although there are many difficulties,they are determined to do the work well.
虽然有许多困难,他们还是决心把工作做好。
【代写点津】
though和although都表示「虽然……但是……」的意思,两者可以相互代换,但前者较为普通,而后者较为正式。though(although)引导的让步状语从句可以置于句首(如上述例句),也可以置于句末。如:He kept on working though he was ill.
中国学生在使用though(although)造句时,通常在主句前加but。如例句1常会错写成:Though he was ill,but he kept on working.这是因为他们以为though(although)只是「虽然」的意思,其实though(although)应该理解为「虽然……但是……」的意思,也就是说,词义本身就含有「但是」的意味,如果再加but,就是画蛇添足了。请比较下列四个句子,分清正误:
虽然工作重,但是我喜欢它。
Though it is hard work,I enjoy it.(正)
Though it is hard work,yet I enjoy it.(正)
It is hard work,but I enjoy it.(正)
Thought it is hard work,but I enjoy it.(误)
Exercise 60
Put the following sentences into English.
他虽然很穷,但是很老实。
樊志成虽然强壮,但他仍不能举起那巨石。
尽管孙亚伟学习很用功,但是他取得的进步很小。
我父亲虽然年老了,但他很健康。
尽管你很聪明,你也不可能解出这道难题。
参考答案
Though he is poor,he is honest.
Though Fan Zhicheng is strong,he cannot lift the rock.
He made little progress although Sun Yawei studied very hard.
My father is healthy though he is old.
Although you are very clever,you are unable to work out the problem.
(九)条件状语从句句型
【句型61】主句+if/unless-从句
【佳句存盘】
1.If you can』t finish the book in time,you may renew it.
如果你不能及时看完这本书,你可以续借。
2.We will go and visit the museum if it is fine tomorrow.
如果明天天晴,我们将去参观博物馆。
3.I would have finished it in time if I had worked all night.
要是我通宵地干,我本来是可以及时完成任务的。
4.I』ll go there unless it rains.如果天不下雨,我将会去那儿。
5.Unless you work harder,you won』t pass the examination.
除非你更加努力学习,否则你是不会通过考试的。
【代写点津】
条件句(if-从句)分真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句(见例句1和例句2)所表示的假设情况是可能发生的,在这种条件句中谓语动词用陈述语气。如果是纯属假设的情况或是发生的可能性不大的情况,则用非真实条件句(见例句3),这种条件句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
if-从句可以在句尾,也可以在句首。在真实条件句中谓语动词不用一般将来时的形式,即使要表示将要发生的动作或将来存在的状态,也要用一般现在时表示「将来」。
unless=if...not,意思是「如果不……」,「除非……,否则……」。在通常情况下unless可以用if...not代替。unless所引导的从句可以置于主句之后,也可在主句之前,但是如果主句是祈使句,则unless-从句只能在主句后。例如:Come tomorrow unless I phone.除非我打电话,否则你明天就来。
Exercise 61
Put the following sentences into English.
如果他们拒绝我们的建议,他们肯定会失败的。
如果你不介意,我就把收音机关上了。
如果我们不到北京度暑假,我们就去庐山。
如果明天误了火车,你可以乘公共汽车去那儿。
除非你们现在着手干,否则你们是不能按时完成任务的。
除非我们得到他们的支持,否则我们不可能指望成功。
参考答案
They will certainly fail if they refuse our suggestions.
If you don』t mind,I will turn off the radio.
If we don』t spend the summer holidays in Beijing,we will go to Mountain Lu.(Unless we spend our holiday in Beijing,we will go to Mountain Lu.)
If you miss the train tomorrow,you can go there by bus.
Unless you do it right now,you can』t finish the work in time.(If you don』t do it right now,you can』t finish the work in time.)
We can』t hope to succeed unless we have their support.(We can』t hope to succeed if we don』t have their support.唯一网址:https://www.essayquality.com/)