本文是留学生论文文献综述范文，主要内容是针对种族和贫穷对教育机会的影响这一问题进行大量研究文献的整理，并且提出作者的观点。
2.4 Implications in Biofuel Industry
Certain limitations are associated with the biofuels due to some technological implications. The recent development in automobile and transport industry militates against biofuels if seen from the worldwide business approach. International transport business, especially the civil aviation, is using engines based on turbofan technology that require exclusively refined kerosene oil for greater efficiency. This is the greatest technological implication for biofuel industry because almost all the aircrafts across the world would not be able to utilize biofuels as source of energy (Alvarez et al., n. d).
Alvarez et al., has reported that only aircrafts that would be able to use biofuels in their present state include General Aviation airplanes. The research on synthetic kerosene for the domestic and international transport was conducted by Green, (2002); he reported that synthetic kerosene would become available in near future that could be used in the turbine engines. Syngas can become a major source of synthetic kerosene oil that can be used in the aircrafts as well. Loop and Stanley, (1995) reported the use of blended biodiesel in air crafts using turbine engines on trial bases.
Further studies are may pave the way for the biofuels to be used in air transport, Although there are certain limitations of biofuels in aircrafts yet they have a wide scope to be used as an alternate for blended petroleum replacement in domestic transport and vehicles like motor bikes, cars, trucks and for other domestic purposes. The availability of biomass and biofuels is in large deficit and it cannot fulfill the ever increasing demand of energy in India as well as throughout the developing world.
There is clear evidence that biofuels cannot take the place of petroleum oils on equal basis, however it can replace them to some extent. The present system of biofuel industry is not capable of providing sufficient biofuels to meet the energy needs of the developing world including India, China and Brazil. The demand for fossil fuels may not decrease but the demand for biofuels is likely to increase many fold in India (Giampietro and Ulgiati, 2005).
While researching poverty and how it can affect educational opportunities I noticed that the opinions within the research vary. It was interesting to note within the research that not only student poverty levels but school poverty levels as well can affect the educational opportunities of the students (Hallinan et al., 2010). One argument made within the research states that schools have little influence on the achievement of students (Milner, 2013). An opposing argument was made that states the poverty level of a school can affect the achievement level of the students and that schools that have a low level of poverty show more improvement than schools that have high poverty that was backed up with statistical information (Hallinan et al., 2010). Milner, (2013) does go on to state later in his article that a limit in resources in high poverty schools can affect the educational opportunity of the students. While looking at poverty and how it affects the educational opportunities the labor market segmentation theories were introduced by Everett et al., (2011) to help understand how immigrants are discouraged from educational opportunities. Latino students were noted by Cashin, (2014) to attend schools where their peers are poor as compared to the white students who attend schools where most of their peers are not poor and that most Latinos are exposed to extensive poverty. Since it was shown that the poverty level of a school can affect the students educational opportunities then this information presented by Cashin, (2014) within her article would show that Latino students are at a disadvantage when it comes to educational opportunities. The staggering statistics provided by Anderson, (2014) on the poverty level of children shows how poverty levels can affect a student’s academic performance and their educational opportunities. After reviewing the literature on how poverty affects educational opportunities, to the best of my knowledge, the literature did not take into account the poverty levels of past generations within the family to see if there is a trend of poverty from one generation to the next. A way to further the research on this topic would be to see if there is a trend of poverty from one generation to the next and if a trend is present to see if there is a way to break that trend to ensure that the future generation would have a better opportunity to obtain a higher income level and better educational opportunities.
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