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n. These elements are reflected in the new EU Central Asia strategy which stresses along with stability in the region, propagation of 'European values' and access to Central Asian energy resources.[51]
Russia and China
Russia. Russia's national interest, in the region are as follows:[52]
Ensuring stability in Central Asia.
Unrestricted utilisation of Central Asia's transit potential.
Unrestricted access to central asian markets necessary to the sell its own goods, as well as to accommodate stable flows of imports of a wide range of agricultural products from Central Asia. Russia also wants to be involved in decisions on the use of hydro-energy and raw materials in Central Asia.
Exploitation of the region's geo-strategic potential by seeking solutions to practical problems there and, at the same time, to issues concerning its status as an international and regional power.
Recognition by the states of the region and external powers of Russia's right to play a role in Central Asia.
In formulating Russia's foreign-policy strategy in Central Asia, the serious changes in the region's geopolitical circumstances emanating from the War on Terror in Afghanistan cannot be ignored. The most important of these is the sharp increase in the US military and political presence in Central Asia.[53]
China. The varied Chinese interests and goals have involved :-[54]
Borders and Security. China has sought to demarcate, demilitarize and stabilize borders with Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Border stability has been central to Chinese development .It sees common ground with regional governments in working against terrorist and criminal elements.
Economic. China's main economic interest in the region is energy China has sought growing amounts of oil and gas abroad and Central Asia especially Kazakhstan.
Regional Position. China's engagement with Central Asia, and Specifically the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, is part of China's overall effort to foster a stable and productive international environment around China's periphery while fostering a more widely accepted Chinese leadership role. Beijing's relations with Central Asia also aim to legitimate Chinese Positions on major international issues, strengthen relations with Russia, and serve as a counter to U.S. power and influence. China's Diplomacy in Central Asia aims to prevent the region from becoming a distraction from China's internal development and more important foreign policy goals.
Energy Security. Energy security is driving its increasing trade with Central Asia. Trade between Xinjiang and the Central Asian republics hasgrown rapidly, reaching US $950 million in 1998 and number of Chinese-Kazakh joint ventures continues to rise.[55]
Kazakhstan-China Oil and Gas Pipelines. The 613-mile-long, 813 mm, and 200,000-bbl/d capacity pipeline from Atasu, in northwestern Kazakhstan, to Alashankou in China's northwestern Xinjiang region is exporting Caspian oil to serve China's growing energy needs. (Refer Map.3)[56] China -Kazakhstan natural gas pipeline which is part of China -Central Asia pipeline was inaugurated by Chinese president Hu Jintao and his Kazakh counterpart on 12 Dec 2009.[57]
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. The most efficient regional organization today in Central Asia is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) whi
