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1Introduction介绍
随着经济的快速发展，失业是世界上许多国家最常见的问题之一。失业对经济的持续、稳定、健康发展具有负面影响。在一定程度上，这可能是一个严重的社会和政治问题。就失业问题而言，中国政府采取了各种措施控制失业，试图将失业控制在尽可能小的范围内。中国不仅借鉴国际治理失业措施的成功经验，而且充分考虑到庞大的劳动力基地的基本国情，实施中国特色的失业待遇。
本文在理论和实践的基础上，分析了我国失业的现状、特点和原因，并分析了解决失业问题的对策。
Unemployment is one of the most common problems in many countries in the world with the rapid development of economy.Unemployment has a negative impact on the sustained,stable and healthy development of the economy.To a certain extent,it can be a serious social and political problem.As far as the unemployment is concerned,the Chinese government has taken various measures to control unemployment,trying to control unemployment in the smallest possible range.China not only learn from the successful experience of international measures on governance unemployment,but also fully take into account the basic national conditions of the huge labor base to implement the treatment of unemployment with Chinese characteristics.
Based on the theory and practice,this paper analyzed the status,characteristics and reasons of unemployment in China,and then analyzed strategy for tackling unemployment.
2 Present Unemployment Situation in China我国失业现状
2.1 Characteristics and effects of unemployment失业特点及影响
不难看出，我国当前城市的失业问题相当严重，城市的实际失业人口达到了建国以来的最高水平。我国劳动者就业不仅受到需求瓶颈的制约，而且还受到制度瓶颈的制约。大学生就业标准中有相当一部分与现实脱节。因此，“就业难”与“招聘难”并存，形成尴尬局面。高增长与高失业并存。目前，我国正处于工业化、经济体制改革、经济增长方式转变、经济结构调整、市场化、工业化、城镇化、现代化的中期阶段，都为我国提供了巨大的动力和广阔的空间。经济增长。除此之外，我国目前高失业率伴随着剧烈、覆盖面广、权力大、持续时间长等特点。
It is not difficult to see that the problem of unemployment has been quite serious in China's current city and the real unemployed population in cities has reached the highest level since the founding of the people's Republic of China.The employment of workers in China is not only restricted by the bottleneck of demand,but also by the system bottleneck.Quite a part of the college students'employment standards are divorced from reality.Thus,the"employment difficult"and"recruitment difficulties"coexist forming into an embarrassing situation.The coexistence of high growth and high unemployment.At present,China is in the middle stage of industrialization,economic system reform,the transformation of economic growth mode and the adjustment of economic structure,marketization,industrialization,urbanization and modernization,all have provided tremendous impetus and broad space for Chinese economic growth.Except for the above,China's current high unemployment accompanied by the features of fierce,wide coverage,large power and long duration etc.
2.2 Reasons for unemployment失业原因
The first reason is volatility of economic development.In the market economy and the allocation of market resources,the unemployment is due to the inherent spontaneity and the characteristics of blindness of market.Although socialist countries can carry out effective macro-control,there is still a trend of economic expansion and economic contraction.In this law,it will absorb a large number of labor when the economic expand;when the economy shrinks,it repels labor and creates unemployment.Under the condition of market economy with the continuous progress of science and technology and the continuous development of productive forces,it is inevitable to cause the change of industrial structure.The general trend of change transform from labor-intensive industries to capital intensive and technology intensive industry.So that the structure of labor demand has changed.Second,the bankruptcy of enterprises will inevitably lead to unemployment.Market economy is a competitive economy and competition law is the rule of survival of the fittest.Under the condition of market economy,the enterprise is the main body of the market.Those large,high technology and well-managed enterprises will be able to win in the competition;while,those small scale,low technology and poor-management of the enterprise will lose money.
In addition,there is another important reason,that is,the Chinese national conditions.The reasons include three aspects:the weak economic base,the rapid population growth and the influence of the traditional employment system.
3China's strategy for tackling unemployment
3.1 Employment patterns in China
Due to the differences of traditional culture,the economic development and economic structure,it is not possible for any model to be completely out of his country.Therefore,China will only deal with the unemployment problem well,especially in the first 5 years to solve the problem of laid-off workers,and then in 10 years the world will add a new"Chinese Employment Pattern".Now China's employment pattern is a combination of three issues,including laid-off workers problems,growing labor force employment in towns and cities and the transfer of rural surplus labor.
3.2 The basic ideas and Countermeasures to solve the problem of unemployment in China
China draws lessons from the successful experience of the international community in the treatment of unemployment and combines with the reality and makes targeted research and proposes anti-unemployment policies.
First,Chinese government implements stable macroeconomic policies and deepens reform;second,they adjust the economic structure,improve the employment situation so that to increase the employment capacity.Third,they Strengthen the employment service system and improve the labor market.Fourth,they Change the concept of employment and vigorously develop informal employment.Sifth,they vigorously develop basic education and vocational training so that to improve the quality of workers.Finally,they establish a sound social security system with the implementation of re employment project.
4 Conclusion
The problem of managing unemployment is a long and arduous process,so It needs people to work together and work hard to finish it.The theory and measures for the treatment of unemployment need constant research and discussion.
