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Comparison of the concept of child development stage
Ferro bell thinks, "the poItr of the people, talent and its development direction, limbs and sensory activity, is according to their own in children in the order of the necessity of the development of the", so he put forward the development of children with periodic point of view, and he thinks that the development of the different stages of children have different characteristics, thus put forward according to children's mental, emotional, and physical development aspects of dividing stage, rather than merely according to the age of the child. In the education of man ", he will be divided into the development of infancy, early childhood, adolescence and student period of four stages, and specific goals for each period in child development requirements are put forward. He believes that infancy mainly develops children's senses, which mainly include hearing and vision. In the eyes of Froebel, a person is only absorbed from the outside world during infancy, and provides "convenience" for the development of early childhood. After the development of infancy, people go to the childhood development period. He said: "in the development of the senses, the body and the arms and legs movement to the extent that children begin to express the intrinsic nature of the intrinsic nature of the child, the infancy also terminates and begins the early childhood." In early childhood, children begin to realize their own existence and show their abilities to adults by means of language and games. And adolescence is the period of learning, and people internalize the external experience into knowledge, which is embodied as a creative instinct. "The main thing is for children to understand the special relationship and individual things of things so that they can lead to their internal unity in the future (Manning, 2005, P76)." Children each stage has different development tasks, when each stage development task to complete, children will naturally develop in the direction of the next stage, so move forward step by step, promote the continuous development.
Montessori believes that children are always in development, and that this change has stages, and each stage has different development goals. So she use age segmentation methods, the root according to children's psychological and environmental relationship, she thought the children's growth needs to go through three stages, the first stage (0 to 6 years old), mainly the formation of children's personality, among them, from birth to age 3 is "psychological embryonic period", this period children rely on sensitive feeling things put in, so as to adapt to the life. She USES the sensitive period of small insects to explain the development instinct in children, which is a kind of unconscious activity, and this kind of unconscious activity is particularly obvious during the period of childhood. Secondly, 3-6 years old is the formative period of children's personality, through the interaction of internal development and environment, and the psychological characteristics of children's personality are gradually formed (Read, 2006, P312). She also suggested that "the change in the life and childhood of the embryo is crucial for the future of adult health and human race", which also explains her emphasis on childhood. In the second stage (6-12 years old), the psychological development of children is relatively stable. She believes that children in this period are creative, creative and creative. Children in this period are good at using the material around them, absorbing useful learning experiences and developing themselves. This view bears similarities to the creative point of view of the children presented by Flo bell. The third stage (12-18 years old) is a mature period for children's physical and mental development. Children in this period can be like adults, have their own values, and explore the mysteries of things according to their own interests. According to the three-stage theory of Montessori development, it is not hard to see that Montessori is mainly divided into children according to the changes of mental life, which is of certain significance. Overall, ferro bell and Montessori acknowledge children's development has the characteristics of periodic, ferro bell under the influence of "recapitulation theory, put forward the development of the individual is linked to the development of the race, with development, along with the development of the race and he also elaborates on the development of each stage task. Under the influence of its environment and sensitization period, Montessori believed that the stages of children's development Itre formed by the interaction of environment and children. The two thinkers hold different views on the factors that divide the stage of children's development. Ferro bell according to children's physical, intellectual, emotional, and so on each aspect in children's stage division, and Montessori from some aspects, according to the children's age stage, although divided according to the different, but the two thinkers on stage of child development view Each period and have similar places, such as the development of children has different characteristics, each period in children and the corresponding development tasks. These viewpoints have certain rationality and applicability, but Montessori's method of age segmentation obviously has limitations.
Comparison of dynamic view of children's psychological development
Both Montessori and forelbert believed that children had inherent developmental instincts, which Itre inherent in the development of children, and emphasized the "internal development" of child development. Ferro bell for the first time the word "evolution" used in the development of the people, that person's development and evolution in nature a kind, folloItd by not full to the full process, before every psychological maturity is a period of development as the prerequisite. Therefore, he said, "each successive stage is based on the strong, complete and characteristic development of all and individual leading life stages." He thought the opposite and reconciliation is the cause of the continuous development of children, "change the internal to external, external to internal, and to show" the harmonious and unified, children's psychological in nature and the environment contradiction movement of the pair of natural growth. In ferro bell's view, god is creative, on the children as the embodiment of the spirit of emperor, is also a creative, so he put forward the development of the child is not equal to "evolve", children are actively explore the world around them, like god in the creation of positive. In the development of children's psychological development, the author emphasizes that the subjective initiative of children should be brought into play and the creative spirit of children should be stimulated (Spring, 1994,P23). Montessori acknowledges that child development is driven by the intrinsic strength of children, and believes that there are three characteristics of "embryonic stage", sensitization period and psychology of children's psychological development. She believes that the child's mind also follows the same construction method as the physiological embryo, which is gradually constructed from the root according to experience. Young children through the interaction with the environment, promote the generation of psychological activity, as she says "the spirit of a person and his environment there is a stream, it is the external environment shape a person, and make it tend to be more beautiful. The baby also had to compromise with the environment around him and thus blend his personality with the environment. This also shows that in the child's psychological development, she acknowledged the environment for the development of children. Montessori put forward the idea that children's psychological development has a sensitive period through scientists' discovery of sensitive period in animals. This sensitive period is acquired in the process of individual development, and it is a good curiosity and passion for all things produced from the heart of children. Children have a special internal energy in the sensitive period, which can absorb and learn in a surprising way, which is the unique learning ability and learning form of children. She believes that it is the existence of the sensitive period, that children have unlimited potential and active creative instinct. She believes that psychological development also has certain rules, to experience the sensitive period of order, sensitive period of action, sensitive period of language and other sensitive period. Children "work in a steady rhythm, in a burning flame, in the creative work of the human spirit." She believes that the environment provides the external conditions for the development of children's sensitization period. When the setting of the environment is suitable for the psychological development of children, the children will develop rapidly. Conversely, when the environment is not suitable for children's growth needs, it can hinder the psychological development of children. Montessori think children's psychological development is driven by internal forces, children have adult does not have "absorption psychology", namely "can through close contact with the surrounding environment and emotional connection, get the impressions and culture" (Platt, 2005, P21). She believes that this is an unconscious absorption and feeling ability of children, a special ability of children, which will have a profound impact on the development of children. Therefore, educators should provide children with a good environment and rich learning materials to promote healthy growth of children. From the perspective of the dynamic view of children's psychological development, It find that both educators recognize the decisive role of genetic factors and recognize the creativity of children's psychological development. Ferro bell cited creature "evolution" in this paper, the role of genetic factors, Montessori, in construction of physiological embryos ways that genetic factor decision role in child development, thus It can see, ferro bell and Montessori from natural biology, genetic factors in decisive role in the development of children. But Montessori also from the sensitive period of children's psychological development, embryo stage and mental absorption force three demonstrates the environment and the teacher should also be factors of psychological development of children, this through the environment to gain experience, so as to develop children's mental point of view, in the ideas of today's views on children was associated still has the positive significance. Montessori, on the basis of inheriting from-bell's thought, thinks of the sensitization period, embryo stage and so on, which has a creative significance.
