What better way to learn about the teaching-learning approach of the Malaysian education system than to know it from someone who had been in the system from primary to tertiary level. In other words, what follows here is a first hand account of the observations of the teaching-learning experience this writer had undergone over a period of about 14 years from post-Independence 1960 to 1974. The description is by no means a critique; rather it is a personal reflection (introspection/retrospection) in relation to the four philosophical traditions.A common thread that runs through the three levels is that teaching-learning was very much teacher-centred no matter what the curriculum approach. (In any case, the current curriculum has not changed drastically from the curriculum then; the only significant difference being the language of instruction and the much greater emphasis on Islamic/Moral Studies). In this respect, the approach was synonymous to the essentialist approach.
The Concept of Tourism Yield
Dwyer and Forsyth, (1997) state here that tourism yield can be said to be the net benefit that accrues to the host country from international visitors and this means that it is the benefits minus the costs of tourism activity. This particular definition does believe the complexity of identifying, at the national level, all of the costs and the benefits of tourism, and every one of these has different kinds of patterns of activity and impact
At the firm level, a measure like this is very critically important as it is a measure of survival. In essence, Tisdell (1993) has provided a list of target variables of possible importance to governments when it comes to formulating policy in terms of foreign tourism and these are listed out below:foreign exchange earnings net national economic benefits that are obatined from foreign tourists as being measured by changes that take place within the economic surpluses employment generation;cultural and sociological impact in regards to the host population conservational or environmental impact promotion of international understanding and co-perationincome distribution consequences.(Dwyer andForsyth, 1997)
Utilization of Costs Analysis to Improve Logistics Practices
In essence, the issue of costs is said to be an essential problem and due to the fact that its role in today's economy can be said to continue to grow, they have to be brought up to everyone's attention, they have to be properly classified, diagnosed, analyzed and then utilized for the purposes of decision making process. However, most of the companies can be said to be fitted with basic financial and accounting systems and it is noted here that these do not register the logistics costs and it makes it hard to which makes it difficult to diagnose and
analyze them (Kordel, 2008).
The processes noted above have to eb examined from the point of view of costs. The utlization of cost analysis is noted to be carried out accroding to these above specifications and could help when it comes to calculating all of the logistics cost concerning the particular firm in the to
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