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1980年4月1日,在哈瓦那沉重地炎热和潮湿的;迈阿密会称它为“蒸笼”。那天下午,五个古巴劫机者控制着一辆高速行驶的公共汽车撞进秘鲁大使馆的大门。卫兵用机关枪向这辆公共汽车开火;一个警卫在交火中被击毙。一旦进入,古巴人民获得政治庇护。菲德尔·卡斯特罗要求这名男子移交给联邦政府,这样他们就可以在警卫的死亡上被起诉。然而秘鲁方面拒绝了。
如果秘鲁人愿意去接受五个古巴人,卡斯特罗决定他将会有更多测试他们的决心。消息通过chismoso传开,哈瓦那大使馆的警卫离开岗位,在4月4日,复活节,约10000名古巴人挤进大使馆。然后古巴士兵返回并屏蔽了所有访问的消息”不胫而走”。
条件迅速恶化。这里几乎没有食物、水和一些足够的浴室。但卡斯特罗回绝了红十字会提供援助的请求。
“我们的心去接近10000名在上周进入暂时打开门的秘鲁大使馆的那些热爱自由的古巴人,”总统吉米•卡特(Jimmy Carter)说。他呼吁卡斯特罗让人们离开这个岛。两周后,他发布了一份总统备忘录授予3500名古巴难民庇护。第一政治犯优先权;第二是古巴人的亲属已经在美国;第三,难民寻求政治庇护。卡斯特罗认为这提供了一个机会来清除国家许多不受欢迎的人包括持不同政见者,中肯的罪犯,和精神病患者.“他们想要的,”他告诉他的弟弟Ra'l,“如果他们可以拥有。我就去冲厕所。”
Gasoline on a fire
April 1,1980,in Havana was oppressively hot and humid;Miamians would have called it a"steamer."That afternoon a speeding bus manned by five Cuban hijackers smashed through the gate of the Peruvian Embassy.The guards sprayed the bus with machine-gun fire;one guard was killed in the crossfire.Once inside,the Cubans received political asylum.Fidel Castro demanded that the men be turned over to federal authorities so they could be charged in the guard's death.Peru refused.
If the Peruvians were willing to accept five Cubans,Castro decided he would test their resolve with many more.Word spread via chismoso,the Havana"bush telegraph,"that the guards at the embassy had abandoned their posts,and by Easter Sunday,April 4,some 10,000 Cubans jammed into the embassy's grounds.Then the Cuban soldiers returned and blocked all access.
Conditions quickly deteriorated.There was little food,water,and few adequate bathrooms.But Castro rebuffed the Red Cross's requests to provide assistance.
"Our hearts go out to the nearly 10,000 freedom-loving Cubans who entered a temporarily opened gate at the Peruvian Embassy just within the week,"said President Jimmy Carter.He called on Castro to let the people leave the island.Two weeks later,he issued a Presidential Memorandum granting asylum to 3,500 Cuban refugees.Political prisoners had priority;second were relatives of Cubans already in the United States;and third,refugees seeking political asylum.Castro saw this offer as an opportunity to purge his country of many undesirables including political dissidents,hard-core criminals,and the mentally ill."They want them,"he is reported to have told his brother,Ra'l,"then they can have them.I will flush my toilets."
Castro announced to Florida's Cuban Americans that they could claim their friends and relatives for transport to the United States at Mariel Harbor in western Cuba;no announcement was made to the Cuban public.In Miami and Key West,exiles hired everything from fishing trawlers to dinghies to old wooden skiffs.Hundreds of makeshift"freedom boats"sailed to Mariel,and on April 21,far more than 3,500 refugees started arriving on Florida's shores.Some boats capsized."We'll never know exactly how many people we lost during the entire boatlift,"says former Coast Guard captain Jim Decker.There were steady reports of bodies and parts of boats floating all over the Florida straits.
